Integrand size = 33, antiderivative size = 122 \[ \int \frac {\sec (e+f x)}{\sqrt {a+a \sec (e+f x)} (c+d \sec (e+f x))} \, dx=\frac {\sqrt {2} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {a} \tan (e+f x)}{\sqrt {2} \sqrt {a+a \sec (e+f x)}}\right )}{\sqrt {a} (c-d) f}-\frac {2 \sqrt {d} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {a} \sqrt {d} \tan (e+f x)}{\sqrt {c+d} \sqrt {a+a \sec (e+f x)}}\right )}{\sqrt {a} (c-d) \sqrt {c+d} f} \]
arctan(1/2*a^(1/2)*tan(f*x+e)*2^(1/2)/(a+a*sec(f*x+e))^(1/2))*2^(1/2)/(c-d )/f/a^(1/2)-2*arctan(a^(1/2)*d^(1/2)*tan(f*x+e)/(c+d)^(1/2)/(a+a*sec(f*x+e ))^(1/2))*d^(1/2)/(c-d)/f/a^(1/2)/(c+d)^(1/2)
Time = 1.43 (sec) , antiderivative size = 144, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.18 \[ \int \frac {\sec (e+f x)}{\sqrt {a+a \sec (e+f x)} (c+d \sec (e+f x))} \, dx=\frac {2 \left (\sqrt {-c-d} \arcsin \left (\tan \left (\frac {1}{2} (e+f x)\right )\right )+\sqrt {2} \sqrt {d} \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt {d} \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} (e+f x)\right )}{\sqrt {-c-d} \sqrt {\frac {\cos (e+f x)}{1+\cos (e+f x)}}}\right )\right )}{\sqrt {-c-d} (c-d) f \sqrt {\cos (e+f x) \sec ^2\left (\frac {1}{2} (e+f x)\right )} \sqrt {a (1+\sec (e+f x))}} \]
(2*(Sqrt[-c - d]*ArcSin[Tan[(e + f*x)/2]] + Sqrt[2]*Sqrt[d]*ArcTanh[(Sqrt[ d]*Tan[(e + f*x)/2])/(Sqrt[-c - d]*Sqrt[Cos[e + f*x]/(1 + Cos[e + f*x])])] ))/(Sqrt[-c - d]*(c - d)*f*Sqrt[Cos[e + f*x]*Sec[(e + f*x)/2]^2]*Sqrt[a*(1 + Sec[e + f*x])])
Time = 0.66 (sec) , antiderivative size = 122, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00, number of steps used = 8, number of rules used = 7, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.212, Rules used = {3042, 4460, 3042, 4282, 216, 4455, 218}
Below are the steps used by Rubi to obtain the solution. The rule number used for the transformation is given above next to the arrow. The rules definitions used are listed below.
| \(\displaystyle \int \frac {\sec (e+f x)}{\sqrt {a \sec (e+f x)+a} (c+d \sec (e+f x))} \, dx\) |
| \(\Big \downarrow \) 3042 |
| \(\displaystyle \int \frac {\csc \left (e+f x+\frac {\pi }{2}\right )}{\sqrt {a \csc \left (e+f x+\frac {\pi }{2}\right )+a} \left (c+d \csc \left (e+f x+\frac {\pi }{2}\right )\right )}dx\) |
| \(\Big \downarrow \) 4460 |
| \(\displaystyle \frac {\int \frac {\sec (e+f x)}{\sqrt {\sec (e+f x) a+a}}dx}{c-d}-\frac {d \int \frac {\sec (e+f x) \sqrt {\sec (e+f x) a+a}}{c+d \sec (e+f x)}dx}{a (c-d)}\) |
| \(\Big \downarrow \) 3042 |
| \(\displaystyle \frac {\int \frac {\csc \left (e+f x+\frac {\pi }{2}\right )}{\sqrt {\csc \left (e+f x+\frac {\pi }{2}\right ) a+a}}dx}{c-d}-\frac {d \int \frac {\csc \left (e+f x+\frac {\pi }{2}\right ) \sqrt {\csc \left (e+f x+\frac {\pi }{2}\right ) a+a}}{c+d \csc \left (e+f x+\frac {\pi }{2}\right )}dx}{a (c-d)}\) |
| \(\Big \downarrow \) 4282 |
| \(\displaystyle -\frac {2 \int \frac {1}{\frac {a^2 \tan ^2(e+f x)}{\sec (e+f x) a+a}+2 a}d\left (-\frac {a \tan (e+f x)}{\sqrt {\sec (e+f x) a+a}}\right )}{f (c-d)}-\frac {d \int \frac {\csc \left (e+f x+\frac {\pi }{2}\right ) \sqrt {\csc \left (e+f x+\frac {\pi }{2}\right ) a+a}}{c+d \csc \left (e+f x+\frac {\pi }{2}\right )}dx}{a (c-d)}\) |
| \(\Big \downarrow \) 216 |
| \(\displaystyle \frac {\sqrt {2} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {a} \tan (e+f x)}{\sqrt {2} \sqrt {a \sec (e+f x)+a}}\right )}{\sqrt {a} f (c-d)}-\frac {d \int \frac {\csc \left (e+f x+\frac {\pi }{2}\right ) \sqrt {\csc \left (e+f x+\frac {\pi }{2}\right ) a+a}}{c+d \csc \left (e+f x+\frac {\pi }{2}\right )}dx}{a (c-d)}\) |
| \(\Big \downarrow \) 4455 |
| \(\displaystyle \frac {2 d \int \frac {1}{\frac {a^2 d \tan ^2(e+f x)}{\sec (e+f x) a+a}+a (c+d)}d\left (-\frac {a \tan (e+f x)}{\sqrt {\sec (e+f x) a+a}}\right )}{f (c-d)}+\frac {\sqrt {2} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {a} \tan (e+f x)}{\sqrt {2} \sqrt {a \sec (e+f x)+a}}\right )}{\sqrt {a} f (c-d)}\) |
| \(\Big \downarrow \) 218 |
| \(\displaystyle \frac {\sqrt {2} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {a} \tan (e+f x)}{\sqrt {2} \sqrt {a \sec (e+f x)+a}}\right )}{\sqrt {a} f (c-d)}-\frac {2 \sqrt {d} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {a} \sqrt {d} \tan (e+f x)}{\sqrt {c+d} \sqrt {a \sec (e+f x)+a}}\right )}{\sqrt {a} f (c-d) \sqrt {c+d}}\) |
(Sqrt[2]*ArcTan[(Sqrt[a]*Tan[e + f*x])/(Sqrt[2]*Sqrt[a + a*Sec[e + f*x]])] )/(Sqrt[a]*(c - d)*f) - (2*Sqrt[d]*ArcTan[(Sqrt[a]*Sqrt[d]*Tan[e + f*x])/( Sqrt[c + d]*Sqrt[a + a*Sec[e + f*x]])])/(Sqrt[a]*(c - d)*Sqrt[c + d]*f)
3.3.40.3.1 Defintions of rubi rules used
Int[((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^2)^(-1), x_Symbol] :> Simp[(1/(Rt[a, 2]*Rt[b, 2]))*A rcTan[Rt[b, 2]*(x/Rt[a, 2])], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b}, x] && PosQ[a/b] && (GtQ[a , 0] || GtQ[b, 0])
Int[((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^2)^(-1), x_Symbol] :> Simp[(Rt[a/b, 2]/a)*ArcTan[x/R t[a/b, 2]], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b}, x] && PosQ[a/b]
Int[csc[(e_.) + (f_.)*(x_)]/Sqrt[csc[(e_.) + (f_.)*(x_)]*(b_.) + (a_)], x_S ymbol] :> Simp[-2/f Subst[Int[1/(2*a + x^2), x], x, b*(Cot[e + f*x]/Sqrt[ a + b*Csc[e + f*x]])], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, e, f}, x] && EqQ[a^2 - b^2, 0]
Int[(csc[(e_.) + (f_.)*(x_)]*Sqrt[csc[(e_.) + (f_.)*(x_)]*(b_.) + (a_)])/(c sc[(e_.) + (f_.)*(x_)]*(d_.) + (c_)), x_Symbol] :> Simp[-2*(b/f) Subst[In t[1/(b*c + a*d + d*x^2), x], x, b*(Cot[e + f*x]/Sqrt[a + b*Csc[e + f*x]])], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, d, e, f}, x] && NeQ[b*c - a*d, 0] && EqQ[a^2 - b^2, 0]
Int[csc[(e_.) + (f_.)*(x_)]/(Sqrt[csc[(e_.) + (f_.)*(x_)]*(b_.) + (a_)]*(cs c[(e_.) + (f_.)*(x_)]*(d_.) + (c_))), x_Symbol] :> Simp[b/(b*c - a*d) Int [Csc[e + f*x]/Sqrt[a + b*Csc[e + f*x]], x], x] - Simp[d/(b*c - a*d) Int[C sc[e + f*x]*(Sqrt[a + b*Csc[e + f*x]]/(c + d*Csc[e + f*x])), x], x] /; Free Q[{a, b, c, d, e, f}, x] && NeQ[b*c - a*d, 0] && (EqQ[a^2 - b^2, 0] || EqQ[ c^2 - d^2, 0])
Leaf count of result is larger than twice the leaf count of optimal. \(503\) vs. \(2(99)=198\).
Time = 19.78 (sec) , antiderivative size = 504, normalized size of antiderivative = 4.13
| method | result | size |
| default | \(\frac {\left (2 \sqrt {\left (c +d \right ) \left (c -d \right )}\, \ln \left (\csc \left (f x +e \right )-\cot \left (f x +e \right )+\sqrt {\left (1-\cos \left (f x +e \right )\right )^{2} \csc \left (f x +e \right )^{2}-1}\right ) \sqrt {\frac {d}{c -d}}+d \sqrt {2}\, \ln \left (-\frac {2 \left (-\sqrt {\left (1-\cos \left (f x +e \right )\right )^{2} \csc \left (f x +e \right )^{2}-1}\, \sqrt {2}\, \sqrt {\frac {d}{c -d}}\, c +\sqrt {2}\, \sqrt {\frac {d}{c -d}}\, \sqrt {\left (1-\cos \left (f x +e \right )\right )^{2} \csc \left (f x +e \right )^{2}-1}\, d +\sqrt {\left (c +d \right ) \left (c -d \right )}\, \left (-\cot \left (f x +e \right )+\csc \left (f x +e \right )\right )+c -d \right )}{c \left (-\cot \left (f x +e \right )+\csc \left (f x +e \right )\right )-\left (-\cot \left (f x +e \right )+\csc \left (f x +e \right )\right ) d +\sqrt {\left (c +d \right ) \left (c -d \right )}}\right )-d \sqrt {2}\, \ln \left (-\frac {2 \left (\sqrt {\left (1-\cos \left (f x +e \right )\right )^{2} \csc \left (f x +e \right )^{2}-1}\, \sqrt {2}\, \sqrt {\frac {d}{c -d}}\, c -\sqrt {2}\, \sqrt {\frac {d}{c -d}}\, \sqrt {\left (1-\cos \left (f x +e \right )\right )^{2} \csc \left (f x +e \right )^{2}-1}\, d +\sqrt {\left (c +d \right ) \left (c -d \right )}\, \left (-\cot \left (f x +e \right )+\csc \left (f x +e \right )\right )-c +d \right )}{-c \left (-\cot \left (f x +e \right )+\csc \left (f x +e \right )\right )+\left (-\cot \left (f x +e \right )+\csc \left (f x +e \right )\right ) d +\sqrt {\left (c +d \right ) \left (c -d \right )}}\right )\right ) \sqrt {\left (1-\cos \left (f x +e \right )\right )^{2} \csc \left (f x +e \right )^{2}-1}\, \sqrt {-\frac {2 a}{\left (1-\cos \left (f x +e \right )\right )^{2} \csc \left (f x +e \right )^{2}-1}}}{2 f \sqrt {\frac {d}{c -d}}\, \left (c -d \right ) \sqrt {\left (c +d \right ) \left (c -d \right )}\, a}\) | \(504\) |
1/2/f/(d/(c-d))^(1/2)/(c-d)/((c+d)*(c-d))^(1/2)/a*(2*((c+d)*(c-d))^(1/2)*l n(csc(f*x+e)-cot(f*x+e)+((1-cos(f*x+e))^2*csc(f*x+e)^2-1)^(1/2))*(d/(c-d)) ^(1/2)+d*2^(1/2)*ln(-2*(-((1-cos(f*x+e))^2*csc(f*x+e)^2-1)^(1/2)*2^(1/2)*( d/(c-d))^(1/2)*c+2^(1/2)*(d/(c-d))^(1/2)*((1-cos(f*x+e))^2*csc(f*x+e)^2-1) ^(1/2)*d+((c+d)*(c-d))^(1/2)*(-cot(f*x+e)+csc(f*x+e))+c-d)/(c*(-cot(f*x+e) +csc(f*x+e))-(-cot(f*x+e)+csc(f*x+e))*d+((c+d)*(c-d))^(1/2)))-d*2^(1/2)*ln (-2*(((1-cos(f*x+e))^2*csc(f*x+e)^2-1)^(1/2)*2^(1/2)*(d/(c-d))^(1/2)*c-2^( 1/2)*(d/(c-d))^(1/2)*((1-cos(f*x+e))^2*csc(f*x+e)^2-1)^(1/2)*d+((c+d)*(c-d ))^(1/2)*(-cot(f*x+e)+csc(f*x+e))-c+d)/(-c*(-cot(f*x+e)+csc(f*x+e))+(-cot( f*x+e)+csc(f*x+e))*d+((c+d)*(c-d))^(1/2))))*((1-cos(f*x+e))^2*csc(f*x+e)^2 -1)^(1/2)*(-2*a/((1-cos(f*x+e))^2*csc(f*x+e)^2-1))^(1/2)
Time = 0.49 (sec) , antiderivative size = 963, normalized size of antiderivative = 7.89 \[ \int \frac {\sec (e+f x)}{\sqrt {a+a \sec (e+f x)} (c+d \sec (e+f x))} \, dx=\text {Too large to display} \]
[-1/2*(sqrt(2)*sqrt(-1/a)*log((2*sqrt(2)*sqrt((a*cos(f*x + e) + a)/cos(f*x + e))*sqrt(-1/a)*cos(f*x + e)*sin(f*x + e) + 3*cos(f*x + e)^2 + 2*cos(f*x + e) - 1)/(cos(f*x + e)^2 + 2*cos(f*x + e) + 1)) + sqrt(-d/(a*c + a*d))*l og(-((c^2 + 8*c*d + 8*d^2)*cos(f*x + e)^3 + (c^2 + 2*c*d)*cos(f*x + e)^2 - 4*((c^2 + 3*c*d + 2*d^2)*cos(f*x + e)^2 - (c*d + d^2)*cos(f*x + e))*sqrt( -d/(a*c + a*d))*sqrt((a*cos(f*x + e) + a)/cos(f*x + e))*sin(f*x + e) + d^2 - (6*c*d + 7*d^2)*cos(f*x + e))/(c^2*cos(f*x + e)^3 + (c^2 + 2*c*d)*cos(f *x + e)^2 + d^2 + (2*c*d + d^2)*cos(f*x + e))))/((c - d)*f), -1/2*(sqrt(2) *sqrt(-1/a)*log((2*sqrt(2)*sqrt((a*cos(f*x + e) + a)/cos(f*x + e))*sqrt(-1 /a)*cos(f*x + e)*sin(f*x + e) + 3*cos(f*x + e)^2 + 2*cos(f*x + e) - 1)/(co s(f*x + e)^2 + 2*cos(f*x + e) + 1)) + 2*sqrt(d/(a*c + a*d))*arctan(2*(c + d)*sqrt(d/(a*c + a*d))*sqrt((a*cos(f*x + e) + a)/cos(f*x + e))*cos(f*x + e )*sin(f*x + e)/((c + 2*d)*cos(f*x + e)^2 + (c + d)*cos(f*x + e) - d)))/((c - d)*f), -1/2*(sqrt(-d/(a*c + a*d))*log(-((c^2 + 8*c*d + 8*d^2)*cos(f*x + e)^3 + (c^2 + 2*c*d)*cos(f*x + e)^2 - 4*((c^2 + 3*c*d + 2*d^2)*cos(f*x + e)^2 - (c*d + d^2)*cos(f*x + e))*sqrt(-d/(a*c + a*d))*sqrt((a*cos(f*x + e) + a)/cos(f*x + e))*sin(f*x + e) + d^2 - (6*c*d + 7*d^2)*cos(f*x + e))/(c^ 2*cos(f*x + e)^3 + (c^2 + 2*c*d)*cos(f*x + e)^2 + d^2 + (2*c*d + d^2)*cos( f*x + e))) + 2*sqrt(2)*arctan(sqrt(2)*sqrt((a*cos(f*x + e) + a)/cos(f*x + e))*cos(f*x + e)/(sqrt(a)*sin(f*x + e)))/sqrt(a))/((c - d)*f), -(sqrt(d...
\[ \int \frac {\sec (e+f x)}{\sqrt {a+a \sec (e+f x)} (c+d \sec (e+f x))} \, dx=\int \frac {\sec {\left (e + f x \right )}}{\sqrt {a \left (\sec {\left (e + f x \right )} + 1\right )} \left (c + d \sec {\left (e + f x \right )}\right )}\, dx \]
\[ \int \frac {\sec (e+f x)}{\sqrt {a+a \sec (e+f x)} (c+d \sec (e+f x))} \, dx=\int { \frac {\sec \left (f x + e\right )}{\sqrt {a \sec \left (f x + e\right ) + a} {\left (d \sec \left (f x + e\right ) + c\right )}} \,d x } \]
Exception generated. \[ \int \frac {\sec (e+f x)}{\sqrt {a+a \sec (e+f x)} (c+d \sec (e+f x))} \, dx=\text {Exception raised: TypeError} \]
Exception raised: TypeError >> an error occurred running a Giac command:IN PUT:sage2:=int(sage0,sageVARx):;OUTPUT:index.cc index_m i_lex_is_greater E rror: Bad Argument Value
Timed out. \[ \int \frac {\sec (e+f x)}{\sqrt {a+a \sec (e+f x)} (c+d \sec (e+f x))} \, dx=\int \frac {1}{\cos \left (e+f\,x\right )\,\sqrt {a+\frac {a}{\cos \left (e+f\,x\right )}}\,\left (c+\frac {d}{\cos \left (e+f\,x\right )}\right )} \,d x \]